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| Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) | T. Bray |
| Request for Comments: 7725 | Textuality |
| Category: Standards Track | February 2016 |
| ISSN: 2070-1721 |
An HTTP Status Code to Report Legal Obstacles
Abstract
This document specifies a Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) status code for use when resource access is denied as a consequence of legal demands.¶
Status of this Memo
This is an Internet Standards Track document.¶
This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has received public review and has been approved for publication by the Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Further information on Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of RFC 5741.¶
Information about the current status of this document, any errata, and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7725.¶
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2016 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved.¶
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License.¶
1. Introduction
This document specifies a Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) status code for use when a server operator has received a legal demand to deny access to a resource or to a set of resources that includes the requested resource.¶
This status code can be used to provide transparency in circumstances where issues of law or public policy affect server operations. This transparency may be beneficial both to these operators and to end users.¶
2. Requirements
4. Identifying Blocking Entities
As noted above, when an attempt to access a resource fails with status 451, the entity blocking access might or might not be the origin server. There are a variety of entities in the resource-access path that could choose to deny access — for example, ISPs, cache providers, and DNS servers.¶
It is useful, when legal blockages occur, to be able to identify the entities actually implementing the blocking.¶
When an entity blocks access to a resource and returns status 451, it SHOULD include a "Link" HTTP header field [RFC5988] whose value is a URI reference [RFC3986] identifying itself. When used for this purpose, the "Link" header field MUST have a "rel" parameter whose value is "blocked-by".¶
The intent is that the header be used to identify the entity actually implementing blockage, not any other entity mandating it. A human-readable response body, as discussed above, is the appropriate location for discussion of administrative and policy issues.¶
5. Security Considerations
Clients cannot rely upon the use of the 451 status code. It is possible that certain legal authorities might wish to avoid transparency, and not only demand the restriction of access to certain resources, but also avoid disclosing that the demand was made.¶
6. IANA Considerations
The HTTP Status Codes Registry has been updated with the following entry:¶
- Code: 451
- Description: Unavailable For Legal Reasons
- Specification: RFC 7725
The Link Relation Type Registry has been updated with the following entry:¶
- Relation Name: blocked-by
- Description: Identifies the entity that blocks access to a resource following receipt of a legal demand.
- Reference: RFC 7725
7. References
7.1. Normative References
- [RFC2119]
- Bradner, S., “Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels”, BCP 14, RFC 2119, DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.
- [RFC3986]
- Berners-Lee, T., Fielding, R., and L. Masinter, “Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax”, STD 66, RFC 3986, DOI 10.17487/RFC3986, January 2005, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3986>.
- [RFC5988]
- Nottingham, M., “Web Linking”, RFC 5988, DOI 10.17487/RFC5988, October 2010, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5988>.
- [RFC7234]
- Fielding, R., Ed., Nottingham, M., Ed., and J. Reschke, Ed., “Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Caching”, RFC 7234, DOI 10.17487/RFC7234, June 2014, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7234>.
7.2. Informative References
- [RFC4084]
- Klensin, J., “Terminology for Describing Internet Connectivity”, BCP 104, RFC 4084, DOI 10.17487/RFC4084, May 2005, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4084>.
- [RFC4924]
- Aboba, B., Ed. and E. Davies, “Reflections on Internet Transparency”, RFC 4924, DOI 10.17487/RFC4924, July 2007, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4924>.
Appendix A. Acknowledgements
Thanks to Terence Eden, who observed that the existing status code 403 was not really suitable for this situation, and suggested the creation of a new status code.¶
Thanks also to Ray Bradbury.¶