In CSS Values 4, 10.9. Type Checking:
Math functions themselves have types, according to their contained calculations:
- […]
- The type of a
sign() expression is «[ "number" → 1 ]».
- The type of a
sin(), cos(), or tan() expression is «[ "number" → 1 ]».
- […]
- The type of a
pow(), sqrt(), log(), or exp() expression is «[ "number" → 1 ]».
[…]
A math function resolves to <number>, <length>, <angle>, <time>, <frequency>, <resolution>, <flex>, or <percentage> according to which of those productions its type matches.
I do not understand the type defined for these functions. I expect «[ ]» because from CSS Typed OM:
A type matches <number> if it has no non-zero entries and its percent hint is null.