django/core/validators.py

import ipaddress
import math
import re
from pathlib import Path
from urllib.parse import urlsplit, urlunsplit

from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
from django.utils.deconstruct import deconstructible
from django.utils.encoding import punycode
from django.utils.http import MAX_URL_LENGTH
from django.utils.ipv6 import is_valid_ipv6_address
from django.utils.regex_helper import _lazy_re_compile
from django.utils.translation import gettext_lazy as _
from django.utils.translation import ngettext_lazy

# These values, if given to validate(), will trigger the self.required check.
EMPTY_VALUES = (None, "", [], (), {})


@deconstructible
class RegexValidator:
    regex = ""
    message = _("Enter a valid value.")
    code = "invalid"
    inverse_match = False
    flags = 0

    def __init__(
        self, regex=None, message=None, code=None, inverse_match=None, flags=None
    ):
        if regex is not None:
            self.regex = regex
        if message is not None:
            self.message = message
        if code is not None:
            self.code = code
        if inverse_match is not None:
            self.inverse_match = inverse_match
        if flags is not None:
            self.flags = flags
        if self.flags and not isinstance(self.regex, str):
            raise TypeError(
                "If the flags are set, regex must be a regular expression string."
            )

        self.regex = _lazy_re_compile(self.regex, self.flags)

    def __call__(self, value):
        """
        Validate that the input contains (or does *not* contain, if
        inverse_match is True) a match for the regular expression.
        """
        regex_matches = self.regex.search(str(value))
        invalid_input = regex_matches if self.inverse_match else not regex_matches
        if invalid_input:
            raise ValidationError(self.message, code=self.code, params={"value": value})

    def __eq__(self, other):
        return (
            isinstance(other, RegexValidator)
            and self.regex.pattern == other.regex.pattern
            and self.regex.flags == other.regex.flags
            and (self.message == other.message)
            and (self.code == other.code)
            and (self.inverse_match == other.inverse_match)
        )


@deconstructible
class DomainNameValidator(RegexValidator):
    message = _("Enter a valid domain name.")
    ul = "\u00a1-\uffff"  # Unicode letters range (must not be a raw string).
    # Host patterns.
    hostname_re = (
        r"[a-z" + ul + r"0-9](?:[a-z" + ul + r"0-9-]{0,61}[a-z" + ul + r"0-9])?"
    )
    # Max length for domain name labels is 63 characters per RFC 1034 sec. 3.1.
    domain_re = r"(?:\.(?!-)[a-z" + ul + r"0-9-]{1,63}(?<!-))*"
    # Top-level domain.
    tld_re = (
        r"\."  # dot
        r"(?!-)"  # can't start with a dash
        r"(?:[a-z" + ul + "-]{2,63}"  # domain label
        r"|xn--[a-z0-9]{1,59})"  # or punycode label
        r"(?<!-)"  # can't end with a dash
        r"\.?"  # may have a trailing dot
    )
    ascii_only_hostname_re = r"[a-zA-Z0-9](?:[a-zA-Z0-9-]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9])?"
    ascii_only_domain_re = r"(?:\.(?!-)[a-zA-Z0-9-]{1,63}(?<!-))*"
    ascii_only_tld_re = (
        r"\."  # dot
        r"(?!-)"  # can't start with a dash
        r"(?:[a-zA-Z0-9-]{2,63})"  # domain label
        r"(?<!-)"  # can't end with a dash
        r"\.?"  # may have a trailing dot
    )

    max_length = 255

    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
        self.accept_idna = kwargs.pop("accept_idna", True)

        if self.accept_idna:
            self.regex = _lazy_re_compile(
                r"^" + self.hostname_re + self.domain_re + self.tld_re + r"$",
                re.IGNORECASE,
            )
        else:
            self.regex = _lazy_re_compile(
                r"^"
                + self.ascii_only_hostname_re
                + self.ascii_only_domain_re
                + self.ascii_only_tld_re
                + r"$",
                re.IGNORECASE,
            )
        super().__init__(**kwargs)

    def __call__(self, value):
        if not isinstance(value, str) or len(value) > self.max_length:
            raise ValidationError(self.message, code=self.code, params={"value": value})
        if not self.accept_idna and not value.isascii():
            raise ValidationError(self.message, code=self.code, params={"value": value})
        super().__call__(value)


validate_domain_name = DomainNameValidator()


@deconstructible
class URLValidator(RegexValidator):
    ul = "\u00a1-\uffff"  # Unicode letters range (must not be a raw string).

    # IP patterns
    ipv4_re = (
        r"(?:0|25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|1[0-9]?[0-9]?|[1-9][0-9]?)"
        r"(?:\.(?:0|25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|1[0-9]?[0-9]?|[1-9][0-9]?)){3}"
    )
    ipv6_re = r"\[[0-9a-f:.]+\]"  # (simple regex, validated later)

    hostname_re = DomainNameValidator.hostname_re
    domain_re = DomainNameValidator.domain_re
    tld_re = DomainNameValidator.tld_re

    host_re = "(" + hostname_re + domain_re + tld_re + "|localhost)"

    regex = _lazy_re_compile(
        r"^(?:[a-z0-9.+-]*)://"  # scheme is validated separately
        r"(?:[^\s:@/]+(?::[^\s:@/]*)?@)?"  # user:pass authentication
        r"(?:" + ipv4_re + "|" + ipv6_re + "|" + host_re + ")"
        r"(?::[0-9]{1,5})?"  # port
        r"(?:[/?#][^\s]*)?"  # resource path
        r"\Z",
        re.IGNORECASE,
    )
    message = _("Enter a valid URL.")
    schemes = ["http", "https", "ftp", "ftps"]
    unsafe_chars = frozenset("\t\r\n")
    max_length = MAX_URL_LENGTH

    def __init__(self, schemes=None, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(**kwargs)
        if schemes is not None:
            self.schemes = schemes

    def __call__(self, value):
        if not isinstance(value, str) or len(value) > self.max_length:
            raise ValidationError(self.message, code=self.code, params={"value": value})
        if self.unsafe_chars.intersection(value):
            raise ValidationError(self.message, code=self.code, params={"value": value})
        # Check if the scheme is valid.
        scheme = value.split("://")[0].lower()
        if scheme not in self.schemes:
            raise ValidationError(self.message, code=self.code, params={"value": value})

        # Then check full URL
        try:
            splitted_url = urlsplit(value)
        except ValueError:
            raise ValidationError(self.message, code=self.code, params={"value": value})
        try:
            super().__call__(value)
        except ValidationError as e:
            # Trivial case failed. Try for possible IDN domain
            if value:
                scheme, netloc, path, query, fragment = splitted_url
                try:
                    netloc = punycode(netloc)  # IDN -> ACE
                except UnicodeError:  # invalid domain part
                    raise e
                url = urlunsplit((scheme, netloc, path, query, fragment))
                super().__call__(url)
            else:
                raise
        else:
            # Now verify IPv6 in the netloc part
            host_match = re.search(r"^\[(.+)\](?::[0-9]{1,5})?$", splitted_url.netloc)
            if host_match:
                potential_ip = host_match[1]
                try:
                    validate_ipv6_address(potential_ip)
                except ValidationError:
                    raise ValidationError(
                        self.message, code=self.code, params={"value": value}
                    )

        # The maximum length of a full host name is 253 characters per RFC 1034
        # section 3.1. It's defined to be 255 bytes or less, but this includes
        # one byte for the length of the name and one byte for the trailing dot
        # that's used to indicate absolute names in DNS.
        if splitted_url.hostname is None or len(splitted_url.hostname) > 253:
            raise ValidationError(self.message, code=self.code, params={"value": value})


integer_validator = RegexValidator(
    _lazy_re_compile(r"^-?\d+\Z"),
    message=_("Enter a valid integer."),
    code="invalid",
)


def validate_integer(value):
    return integer_validator(value)


@deconstructible
class EmailValidator:
    message = _("Enter a valid email address.")
    code = "invalid"
    user_regex = _lazy_re_compile(
        # dot-atom
        r"(^[-!#$%&'*+/=?^_`{}|~0-9A-Z]+(\.[-!#$%&'*+/=?^_`{}|~0-9A-Z]+)*\Z"
        # quoted-string
        r'|^"([\001-\010\013\014\016-\037!#-\[\]-\177]|\\[\001-\011\013\014\016-\177])'
        r'*"\Z)',
        re.IGNORECASE,
    )
    domain_regex = _lazy_re_compile(
        # max length for domain name labels is 63 characters per RFC 1034
        r"((?:[A-Z0-9](?:[A-Z0-9-]{0,61}[A-Z0-9])?\.)+)(?:[A-Z0-9-]{2,63}(?<!-))\Z",
        re.IGNORECASE,
    )
    literal_regex = _lazy_re_compile(
        # literal form, ipv4 or ipv6 address (SMTP 4.1.3)
        r"\[([A-F0-9:.]+)\]\Z",
        re.IGNORECASE,
    )
    domain_allowlist = ["localhost"]

    def __init__(self, message=None, code=None, allowlist=None):
        if message is not None:
            self.message = message
        if code is not None:
            self.code = code
        if allowlist is not None:
            self.domain_allowlist = allowlist

    def __call__(self, value):
        # The maximum length of an email is 320 characters per RFC 3696
        # section 3.
        if not value or "@" not in value or len(value) > 320:
            raise ValidationError(self.message, code=self.code, params={"value": value})

        user_part, domain_part = value.rsplit("@", 1)

        if not self.user_regex.match(user_part):
            raise ValidationError(self.message, code=self.code, params={"value": value})

        if domain_part not in self.domain_allowlist and not self.validate_domain_part(
            domain_part
        ):
            # Try for possible IDN domain-part
            try:
                domain_part = punycode(domain_part)
            except UnicodeError:
                pass
            else:
                if self.validate_domain_part(domain_part):
                    return
            raise ValidationError(self.message, code=self.code, params={"value": value})

    def validate_domain_part(self, domain_part):
        if self.domain_regex.match(domain_part):
            return True

        literal_match = self.literal_regex.match(domain_part)
        if literal_match:
            ip_address = literal_match[1]
            try:
                validate_ipv46_address(ip_address)
                return True
            except ValidationError:
                pass
        return False

    def __eq__(self, other):
        return (
            isinstance(other, EmailValidator)
            and (set(self.domain_allowlist) == set(other.domain_allowlist))
            and (self.message == other.message)
            and (self.code == other.code)
        )


validate_email = EmailValidator()

slug_re = _lazy_re_compile(r"^[-a-zA-Z0-9_]+\Z")
validate_slug = RegexValidator(
    slug_re,
    # Translators: "letters" means latin letters: a-z and A-Z.
    _("Enter a valid “slug” consisting of letters, numbers, underscores or hyphens."),
    "invalid",
)

slug_unicode_re = _lazy_re_compile(r"^[-\w]+\Z")
validate_unicode_slug = RegexValidator(
    slug_unicode_re,
    _(
        "Enter a valid “slug” consisting of Unicode letters, numbers, underscores, or "
        "hyphens."
    ),
    "invalid",
)


def validate_ipv4_address(value):
    try:
        ipaddress.IPv4Address(value)
    except ValueError:
        raise ValidationError(
            _("Enter a valid %(protocol)s address."),
            code="invalid",
            params={"protocol": _("IPv4"), "value": value},
        )


def validate_ipv6_address(value):
    if not is_valid_ipv6_address(value):
        raise ValidationError(
            _("Enter a valid %(protocol)s address."),
            code="invalid",
            params={"protocol": _("IPv6"), "value": value},
        )


def validate_ipv46_address(value):
    try:
        validate_ipv4_address(value)
    except ValidationError:
        try:
            validate_ipv6_address(value)
        except ValidationError:
            raise ValidationError(
                _("Enter a valid %(protocol)s address."),
                code="invalid",
                params={"protocol": _("IPv4 or IPv6"), "value": value},
            )


ip_address_validator_map = {
    "both": [validate_ipv46_address],
    "ipv4": [validate_ipv4_address],
    "ipv6": [validate_ipv6_address],
}


def ip_address_validators(protocol, unpack_ipv4):
    """
    Depending on the given parameters, return the appropriate validators for
    the GenericIPAddressField.
    """
    if protocol != "both" and unpack_ipv4:
        raise ValueError(
            "You can only use `unpack_ipv4` if `protocol` is set to 'both'"
        )
    try:
        return ip_address_validator_map[protocol.lower()]
    except KeyError:
        raise ValueError(
            "The protocol '%s' is unknown. Supported: %s"
            % (protocol, list(ip_address_validator_map))
        )


def int_list_validator(sep=",", message=None, code="invalid", allow_negative=False):
    regexp = _lazy_re_compile(
        r"^%(neg)s\d+(?:%(sep)s%(neg)s\d+)*\Z"
        % {
            "neg": "(-)?" if allow_negative else "",
            "sep": re.escape(sep),
        }
    )
    return RegexValidator(regexp, message=message, code=code)


validate_comma_separated_integer_list = int_list_validator(
    message=_("Enter only digits separated by commas."),
)


@deconstructible
class BaseValidator:
    message = _("Ensure this value is %(limit_value)s (it is %(show_value)s).")
    code = "limit_value"

    def __init__(self, limit_value, message=None):
        self.limit_value = limit_value
        if message:
            self.message = message

    def __call__(self, value):
        cleaned = self.clean(value)
        limit_value = (
            self.limit_value() if callable(self.limit_value) else self.limit_value
        )
        params = {"limit_value": limit_value, "show_value": cleaned, "value": value}
        if self.compare(cleaned, limit_value):
            raise ValidationError(self.message, code=self.code, params=params)

    def __eq__(self, other):
        if not isinstance(other, self.__class__):
            return NotImplemented
        return (
            self.limit_value == other.limit_value
            and self.message == other.message
            and self.code == other.code
        )

    def compare(self, a, b):
        return a is not b

    def clean(self, x):
        return x


@deconstructible
class MaxValueValidator(BaseValidator):
    message = _("Ensure this value is less than or equal to %(limit_value)s.")
    code = "max_value"

    def compare(self, a, b):
        return a > b


@deconstructible
class MinValueValidator(BaseValidator):
    message = _("Ensure this value is greater than or equal to %(limit_value)s.")
    code = "min_value"

    def compare(self, a, b):
        return a < b


@deconstructible
class StepValueValidator(BaseValidator):
    message = _("Ensure this value is a multiple of step size %(limit_value)s.")
    code = "step_size"

    def __init__(self, limit_value, message=None, offset=None):
        super().__init__(limit_value, message)
        if offset is not None:
            self.message = _(
                "Ensure this value is a multiple of step size %(limit_value)s, "
                "starting from %(offset)s, e.g. %(offset)s, %(valid_value1)s, "
                "%(valid_value2)s, and so on."
            )
        self.offset = offset

    def __call__(self, value):
        if self.offset is None:
            super().__call__(value)
        else:
            cleaned = self.clean(value)
            limit_value = (
                self.limit_value() if callable(self.limit_value) else self.limit_value
            )
            if self.compare(cleaned, limit_value):
                offset = cleaned.__class__(self.offset)
                params = {
                    "limit_value": limit_value,
                    "offset": offset,
                    "valid_value1": offset + limit_value,
                    "valid_value2": offset + 2 * limit_value,
                }
                raise ValidationError(self.message, code=self.code, params=params)

    def compare(self, a, b):
        offset = 0 if self.offset is None else self.offset
        return not math.isclose(math.remainder(a - offset, b), 0, abs_tol=1e-9)


@deconstructible
class MinLengthValidator(BaseValidator):
    message = ngettext_lazy(
        "Ensure this value has at least %(limit_value)d character (it has "
        "%(show_value)d).",
        "Ensure this value has at least %(limit_value)d characters (it has "
        "%(show_value)d).",
        "limit_value",
    )
    code = "min_length"

    def compare(self, a, b):
        return a < b

    def clean(self, x):
        return len(x)


@deconstructible
class MaxLengthValidator(BaseValidator):
    message = ngettext_lazy(
        "Ensure this value has at most %(limit_value)d character (it has "
        "%(show_value)d).",
        "Ensure this value has at most %(limit_value)d characters (it has "
        "%(show_value)d).",
        "limit_value",
    )
    code = "max_length"

    def compare(self, a, b):
        return a > b

    def clean(self, x):
        return len(x)


@deconstructible
class DecimalValidator:
    """
    Validate that the input does not exceed the maximum number of digits
    expected, otherwise raise ValidationError.
    """

    messages = {
        "invalid": _("Enter a number."),
        "max_digits": ngettext_lazy(
            "Ensure that there are no more than %(max)s digit in total.",
            "Ensure that there are no more than %(max)s digits in total.",
            "max",
        ),
        "max_decimal_places": ngettext_lazy(
            "Ensure that there are no more than %(max)s decimal place.",
            "Ensure that there are no more than %(max)s decimal places.",
            "max",
        ),
        "max_whole_digits": ngettext_lazy(
            "Ensure that there are no more than %(max)s digit before the decimal "
            "point.",
            "Ensure that there are no more than %(max)s digits before the decimal "
            "point.",
            "max",
        ),
    }

    def __init__(self, max_digits, decimal_places):
        self.max_digits = max_digits
        self.decimal_places = decimal_places

    def __call__(self, value):
        digit_tuple, exponent = value.as_tuple()[1:]
        if exponent in {"F", "n", "N"}:
            raise ValidationError(
                self.messages["invalid"], code="invalid", params={"value": value}
            )
        if exponent >= 0:
            digits = len(digit_tuple)
            if digit_tuple != (0,):
                # A positive exponent adds that many trailing zeros.
                digits += exponent
            decimals = 0
        else:
            # If the absolute value of the negative exponent is larger than the
            # number of digits, then it's the same as the number of digits,
            # because it'll consume all of the digits in digit_tuple and then
            # add abs(exponent) - len(digit_tuple) leading zeros after the
            # decimal point.
            if abs(exponent) > len(digit_tuple):
                digits = decimals = abs(exponent)
            else:
                digits = len(digit_tuple)
                decimals = abs(exponent)
        whole_digits = digits - decimals

        if self.max_digits is not None and digits > self.max_digits:
            raise ValidationError(
                self.messages["max_digits"],
                code="max_digits",
                params={"max": self.max_digits, "value": value},
            )
        if self.decimal_places is not None and decimals > self.decimal_places:
            raise ValidationError(
                self.messages["max_decimal_places"],
                code="max_decimal_places",
                params={"max": self.decimal_places, "value": value},
            )
        if (
            self.max_digits is not None
            and self.decimal_places is not None
            and whole_digits > (self.max_digits - self.decimal_places)
        ):
            raise ValidationError(
                self.messages["max_whole_digits"],
                code="max_whole_digits",
                params={"max": (self.max_digits - self.decimal_places), "value": value},
            )

    def __eq__(self, other):
        return (
            isinstance(other, self.__class__)
            and self.max_digits == other.max_digits
            and self.decimal_places == other.decimal_places
        )


@deconstructible
class FileExtensionValidator:
    message = _(
        "File extension “%(extension)s” is not allowed. "
        "Allowed extensions are: %(allowed_extensions)s."
    )
    code = "invalid_extension"

    def __init__(self, allowed_extensions=None, message=None, code=None):
        if allowed_extensions is not None:
            allowed_extensions = [
                allowed_extension.lower() for allowed_extension in allowed_extensions
            ]
        self.allowed_extensions = allowed_extensions
        if message is not None:
            self.message = message
        if code is not None:
            self.code = code

    def __call__(self, value):
        extension = Path(value.name).suffix[1:].lower()
        if (
            self.allowed_extensions is not None
            and extension not in self.allowed_extensions
        ):
            raise ValidationError(
                self.message,
                code=self.code,
                params={
                    "extension": extension,
                    "allowed_extensions": ", ".join(self.allowed_extensions),
                    "value": value,
                },
            )

    def __eq__(self, other):
        return (
            isinstance(other, self.__class__)
            and set(self.allowed_extensions or [])
            == set(other.allowed_extensions or [])
            and self.message == other.message
            and self.code == other.code
        )


def get_available_image_extensions():
    try:
        from PIL import Image
    except ImportError:
        return []
    else:
        Image.init()
        return [ext.lower()[1:] for ext in Image.EXTENSION]


def validate_image_file_extension(value):
    return FileExtensionValidator(allowed_extensions=get_available_image_extensions())(
        value
    )


@deconstructible
class ProhibitNullCharactersValidator:
    """Validate that the string doesn't contain the null character."""

    message = _("Null characters are not allowed.")
    code = "null_characters_not_allowed"

    def __init__(self, message=None, code=None):
        if message is not None:
            self.message = message
        if code is not None:
            self.code = code

    def __call__(self, value):
        if "\x00" in str(value):
            raise ValidationError(self.message, code=self.code, params={"value": value})

    def __eq__(self, other):
        return (
            isinstance(other, self.__class__)
            and self.message == other.message
            and self.code == other.code
        )