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json.py
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745 lines (621 loc) · 27.2 KB
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import json
import warnings
from django import forms
from django.core import checks, exceptions
from django.db import NotSupportedError, connections, router
from django.db.models import expressions, lookups
from django.db.models.constants import LOOKUP_SEP
from django.db.models.fields import TextField
from django.db.models.lookups import (
FieldGetDbPrepValueMixin,
PostgresOperatorLookup,
Transform,
)
from django.utils.deprecation import RemovedInDjango70Warning, django_file_prefixes
from django.utils.translation import gettext_lazy as _
from . import Field
from .mixins import CheckFieldDefaultMixin
__all__ = ["JSONField"]
class JSONField(CheckFieldDefaultMixin, Field):
empty_strings_allowed = False
description = _("A JSON object")
default_error_messages = {
"invalid": _("Value must be valid JSON."),
}
_default_hint = ("dict", "{}")
def __init__(
self,
verbose_name=None,
name=None,
encoder=None,
decoder=None,
**kwargs,
):
if encoder and not callable(encoder):
raise ValueError("The encoder parameter must be a callable object.")
if decoder and not callable(decoder):
raise ValueError("The decoder parameter must be a callable object.")
self.encoder = encoder
self.decoder = decoder
super().__init__(verbose_name, name, **kwargs)
def check(self, **kwargs):
errors = super().check(**kwargs)
databases = kwargs.get("databases") or []
errors.extend(self._check_supported(databases))
return errors
def _check_supported(self, databases):
errors = []
for db in databases:
if not router.allow_migrate_model(db, self.model):
continue
connection = connections[db]
if (
self.model._meta.required_db_vendor
and self.model._meta.required_db_vendor != connection.vendor
):
continue
if not (
"supports_json_field" in self.model._meta.required_db_features
or connection.features.supports_json_field
):
errors.append(
checks.Error(
"%s does not support JSONFields." % connection.display_name,
obj=self.model,
id="fields.E180",
)
)
return errors
def deconstruct(self):
name, path, args, kwargs = super().deconstruct()
if self.encoder is not None:
kwargs["encoder"] = self.encoder
if self.decoder is not None:
kwargs["decoder"] = self.decoder
return name, path, args, kwargs
def from_db_value(self, value, expression, connection):
if value is None:
return value
# Some backends (SQLite at least) extract non-string values in their
# SQL datatypes.
if isinstance(expression, KeyTransform) and not isinstance(value, str):
return value
try:
return json.loads(value, cls=self.decoder)
except json.JSONDecodeError:
return value
def get_internal_type(self):
return "JSONField"
def get_db_prep_value(self, value, connection, prepared=False):
if not prepared:
value = self.get_prep_value(value)
return connection.ops.adapt_json_value(value, self.encoder)
def get_db_prep_save(self, value, connection):
# This slightly involved logic is to allow for `None` to be used to
# store SQL `NULL` while `Value(None, JSONField())` can be used to
# store JSON `null` while preventing compilable `as_sql` values from
# making their way to `get_db_prep_value`, which is what the `super()`
# implementation does.
if value is None:
return value
if (
isinstance(value, expressions.Value)
and value.value is None
and isinstance(value.output_field, JSONField)
):
value = None
return super().get_db_prep_save(value, connection)
def get_transform(self, name):
transform = super().get_transform(name)
if transform:
return transform
return KeyTransformFactory(name)
def validate(self, value, model_instance):
super().validate(value, model_instance)
try:
json.dumps(value, cls=self.encoder)
except TypeError:
raise exceptions.ValidationError(
self.error_messages["invalid"],
code="invalid",
params={"value": value},
)
def value_to_string(self, obj):
return self.value_from_object(obj)
def formfield(self, **kwargs):
return super().formfield(
**{
"form_class": forms.JSONField,
"encoder": self.encoder,
"decoder": self.decoder,
**kwargs,
}
)
class DataContains(FieldGetDbPrepValueMixin, PostgresOperatorLookup):
lookup_name = "contains"
postgres_operator = "@>"
def as_sql(self, compiler, connection):
if not connection.features.supports_json_field_contains:
raise NotSupportedError(
"contains lookup is not supported on this database backend."
)
lhs, lhs_params = self.process_lhs(compiler, connection)
rhs, rhs_params = self.process_rhs(compiler, connection)
params = tuple(lhs_params) + tuple(rhs_params)
return "JSON_CONTAINS(%s, %s)" % (lhs, rhs), params
class ContainedBy(FieldGetDbPrepValueMixin, PostgresOperatorLookup):
lookup_name = "contained_by"
postgres_operator = "<@"
def as_sql(self, compiler, connection):
if not connection.features.supports_json_field_contains:
raise NotSupportedError(
"contained_by lookup is not supported on this database backend."
)
lhs, lhs_params = self.process_lhs(compiler, connection)
rhs, rhs_params = self.process_rhs(compiler, connection)
params = tuple(rhs_params) + tuple(lhs_params)
return "JSON_CONTAINS(%s, %s)" % (rhs, lhs), params
class HasKeyLookup(PostgresOperatorLookup):
logical_operator = None
def compile_json_path_final_key(self, connection, key_transform):
# Compile the final key without interpreting ints as array elements.
return ".%s" % json.dumps(key_transform)
def _as_sql_parts(self, compiler, connection):
# Process JSON path from the left-hand side.
if isinstance(self.lhs, KeyTransform):
lhs_sql, lhs_params, lhs_key_transforms = self.lhs.preprocess_lhs(
compiler, connection
)
lhs_json_path = connection.ops.compile_json_path(lhs_key_transforms)
else:
lhs_sql, lhs_params = self.process_lhs(compiler, connection)
lhs_json_path = "$"
# Process JSON path from the right-hand side.
rhs = self.rhs
if not isinstance(rhs, (list, tuple)):
rhs = [rhs]
for key in rhs:
if isinstance(key, KeyTransform):
*_, rhs_key_transforms = key.preprocess_lhs(compiler, connection)
else:
rhs_key_transforms = [key]
*rhs_key_transforms, final_key = rhs_key_transforms
rhs_json_path = connection.ops.compile_json_path(
rhs_key_transforms, include_root=False
)
rhs_json_path += self.compile_json_path_final_key(connection, final_key)
yield lhs_sql, lhs_params, lhs_json_path + rhs_json_path
def _combine_sql_parts(self, parts):
# Add condition for each key.
if self.logical_operator:
return "(%s)" % self.logical_operator.join(parts)
return "".join(parts)
def as_sql(self, compiler, connection, template=None):
sql_parts = []
params = []
for lhs_sql, lhs_params, rhs_json_path in self._as_sql_parts(
compiler, connection
):
sql_parts.append(template % (lhs_sql, "%s"))
params.extend([*lhs_params, rhs_json_path])
return self._combine_sql_parts(sql_parts), tuple(params)
def as_mysql(self, compiler, connection):
return self.as_sql(
compiler, connection, template="JSON_CONTAINS_PATH(%s, 'one', %s)"
)
def as_oracle(self, compiler, connection):
# Use a custom delimiter to prevent the JSON path from escaping the SQL
# literal. See comment in KeyTransform.
template = "JSON_EXISTS(%s, q'\uffff%s\uffff')"
sql_parts = []
params = []
for lhs_sql, lhs_params, rhs_json_path in self._as_sql_parts(
compiler, connection
):
# Add right-hand-side directly into SQL because it cannot be passed
# as bind variables to JSON_EXISTS. It might result in invalid
# queries but it is assumed that it cannot be evaded because the
# path is JSON serialized.
sql_parts.append(template % (lhs_sql, rhs_json_path))
params.extend(lhs_params)
return self._combine_sql_parts(sql_parts), tuple(params)
def as_postgresql(self, compiler, connection):
if isinstance(self.rhs, KeyTransform):
*_, rhs_key_transforms = self.rhs.preprocess_lhs(compiler, connection)
for key in rhs_key_transforms[:–1]:
self.lhs = KeyTransform(key, self.lhs)
self.rhs = rhs_key_transforms[–1]
return super().as_postgresql(compiler, connection)
def as_sqlite(self, compiler, connection):
return self.as_sql(
compiler, connection, template="JSON_TYPE(%s, %s) IS NOT NULL"
)
class HasKey(HasKeyLookup):
lookup_name = "has_key"
postgres_operator = "?"
prepare_rhs = False
class HasKeys(HasKeyLookup):
lookup_name = "has_keys"
postgres_operator = "?&"
logical_operator = " AND "
def get_prep_lookup(self):
return [str(item) for item in self.rhs]
class HasAnyKeys(HasKeys):
lookup_name = "has_any_keys"
postgres_operator = "?|"
logical_operator = " OR "
class HasKeyOrArrayIndex(HasKey):
def compile_json_path_final_key(self, connection, key_transform):
return connection.ops.compile_json_path([key_transform], include_root=False)
class CaseInsensitiveMixin:
"""
Mixin to allow case-insensitive comparison of JSON values on MySQL.
MySQL handles strings used in JSON context using the utf8mb4_bin collation.
Because utf8mb4_bin is a binary collation, comparison of JSON values is
case-sensitive.
"""
def process_lhs(self, compiler, connection):
lhs, lhs_params = super().process_lhs(compiler, connection)
if connection.vendor == "mysql":
return "LOWER(%s)" % lhs, lhs_params
return lhs, lhs_params
def process_rhs(self, compiler, connection):
rhs, rhs_params = super().process_rhs(compiler, connection)
if connection.vendor == "mysql":
return "LOWER(%s)" % rhs, rhs_params
return rhs, rhs_params
class JSONExact(lookups.Exact):
# RemovedInDjango70Warning: When the deprecation period is over, remove
# the following line.
can_use_none_as_rhs = True
def process_rhs(self, compiler, connection):
if self.rhs is None and not isinstance(self.lhs, KeyTransform):
warnings.warn(
"Using None as the right-hand side of an exact lookup on JSONField to "
"mean JSON scalar 'null' is deprecated. Use JSONNull() instead (or use "
"the __isnull lookup if you meant SQL NULL).",
RemovedInDjango70Warning,
skip_file_prefixes=django_file_prefixes(),
)
rhs, rhs_params = super().process_rhs(compiler, connection)
# RemovedInDjango70Warning: When the deprecation period is over, remove
# The following if-block entirely.
# Treat None lookup values as null.
if rhs == "%s" and (*rhs_params,) == (None,):
rhs_params = ("null",)
if connection.vendor == "mysql" and not isinstance(
self.rhs, expressions.JSONNull
):
func = ["JSON_EXTRACT(%s, '$')"] * len(rhs_params)
rhs %= tuple(func)
return rhs, rhs_params
def as_oracle(self, compiler, connection):
lhs, lhs_params = self.process_lhs(compiler, connection)
rhs, rhs_params = self.process_rhs(compiler, connection)
if connection.features.supports_primitives_in_json_field:
lhs = f"JSON({lhs})"
rhs = f"JSON({rhs})"
return f"JSON_EQUAL({lhs}, {rhs} ERROR ON ERROR)", (*lhs_params, *rhs_params)
class JSONIContains(CaseInsensitiveMixin, lookups.IContains):
pass
class ProcessJSONLHSMixin:
def _get_json_path(self, connection, key_transforms):
if key_transforms is None:
return "$"
return connection.ops.compile_json_path(key_transforms)
def _process_as_oracle(self, sql, params, connection, key_transforms=None):
json_path = self._get_json_path(connection, key_transforms)
if connection.features.supports_primitives_in_json_field:
template = (
"COALESCE("
"JSON_VALUE(%s, q'\uffff%s\uffff'),"
"JSON_QUERY(%s, q'\uffff%s\uffff' DISALLOW SCALARS)"
")"
)
else:
template = (
"COALESCE("
"JSON_QUERY(%s, q'\uffff%s\uffff'),"
"JSON_VALUE(%s, q'\uffff%s\uffff')"
")"
)
# Add paths directly into SQL because path expressions cannot be passed
# as bind variables on Oracle. Use a custom delimiter to prevent the
# JSON path from escaping the SQL literal. Each key in the JSON path is
# passed through json.dumps() with ensure_ascii=True (the default),
# which converts the delimiter into the escaped \uffff format. This
# ensures that the delimiter is not present in the JSON path.
sql = template % ((sql, json_path) * 2)
return sql, params * 2
def _process_as_sqlite(self, sql, params, connection, key_transforms=None):
json_path = self._get_json_path(connection, key_transforms)
datatype_values = ",".join(
[repr(value) for value in connection.ops.jsonfield_datatype_values]
)
return (
"(CASE WHEN JSON_TYPE(%s, %%s) IN (%s) "
"THEN JSON_TYPE(%s, %%s) ELSE JSON_EXTRACT(%s, %%s) END)"
) % (sql, datatype_values, sql, sql), (*params, json_path) * 3
def _process_as_mysql(self, sql, params, connection, key_transforms=None):
json_path = self._get_json_path(connection, key_transforms)
return "JSON_EXTRACT(%s, %%s)" % sql, (*params, json_path)
class JSONIn(ProcessJSONLHSMixin, lookups.In):
def resolve_expression_parameter(self, compiler, connection, sql, param):
sql, params = super().resolve_expression_parameter(
compiler,
connection,
sql,
param,
)
if not connection.features.has_native_json_field and (
not hasattr(param, "as_sql") or isinstance(param, expressions.Value)
):
if connection.vendor == "oracle":
value = param.value if hasattr(param, "value") else json.loads(param)
sql = "%s(JSON_OBJECT('value' VALUE %%s FORMAT JSON), '$.value')"
if isinstance(value, (list, dict)):
sql %= "JSON_QUERY"
else:
sql %= "JSON_VALUE"
elif connection.vendor == "mysql" or (
connection.vendor == "sqlite"
and params[0] not in connection.ops.jsonfield_datatype_values
):
sql = "JSON_EXTRACT(%s, '$')"
if connection.vendor == "mysql" and connection.mysql_is_mariadb:
sql = "JSON_UNQUOTE(%s)" % sql
return sql, params
def process_lhs(self, compiler, connection):
sql, params = super().process_lhs(compiler, connection)
if isinstance(self.lhs, KeyTransform):
return sql, params
if connection.vendor == "mysql":
return self._process_as_mysql(sql, params, connection)
elif connection.vendor == "oracle":
return self._process_as_oracle(sql, params, connection)
elif connection.vendor == "sqlite":
return self._process_as_sqlite(sql, params, connection)
return sql, params
def as_oracle(self, compiler, connection):
if (
connection.features.supports_primitives_in_json_field
and isinstance(self.rhs, expressions.ExpressionList)
and expressions.JSONNull() in self.rhs.get_source_expressions()
):
# Break the lookup into multiple exact lookups combined with OR, as
# Oracle does not support directly extracting JSON scalar null as a
# value in the right-hand side of an IN clause.
exact_lookup = self.lhs.get_lookup("exact")
sql_parts = []
all_params = ()
for expr in self.rhs.get_source_expressions():
lookup = exact_lookup(self.lhs, expr)
sql, params = lookup.as_oracle(compiler, connection)
sql_parts.append(f"({sql})")
all_params = (*all_params, *params)
sql = " OR ".join(sql_parts)
return sql, all_params
return self.as_sql(compiler, connection)
JSONField.register_lookup(DataContains)
JSONField.register_lookup(ContainedBy)
JSONField.register_lookup(HasKey)
JSONField.register_lookup(HasKeys)
JSONField.register_lookup(HasAnyKeys)
JSONField.register_lookup(JSONExact)
JSONField.register_lookup(JSONIContains)
JSONField.register_lookup(JSONIn)
class KeyTransform(ProcessJSONLHSMixin, Transform):
postgres_operator = "->"
postgres_nested_operator = "#>"
def __init__(self, key_name, *args, **kwargs):
super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
self.key_name = str(key_name)
def preprocess_lhs(self, compiler, connection):
key_transforms = [self.key_name]
previous = self.lhs
while isinstance(previous, KeyTransform):
key_transforms.insert(0, previous.key_name)
previous = previous.lhs
lhs, params = compiler.compile(previous)
if connection.vendor == "oracle":
# Escape string-formatting.
key_transforms = [key.replace("%", "%%") for key in key_transforms]
return lhs, params, key_transforms
def as_mysql(self, compiler, connection):
lhs, params, key_transforms = self.preprocess_lhs(compiler, connection)
return self._process_as_mysql(lhs, params, connection, key_transforms)
def as_oracle(self, compiler, connection):
lhs, params, key_transforms = self.preprocess_lhs(compiler, connection)
return self._process_as_oracle(lhs, params, connection, key_transforms)
def as_postgresql(self, compiler, connection):
lhs, params, key_transforms = self.preprocess_lhs(compiler, connection)
if len(key_transforms) > 1:
sql = "(%s %s %%s)" % (lhs, self.postgres_nested_operator)
return sql, (*params, key_transforms)
try:
lookup = int(self.key_name)
except ValueError:
lookup = self.key_name
return "(%s %s %%s)" % (lhs, self.postgres_operator), (*params, lookup)
def as_sqlite(self, compiler, connection):
lhs, params, key_transforms = self.preprocess_lhs(compiler, connection)
return self._process_as_sqlite(lhs, params, connection, key_transforms)
class KeyTextTransform(KeyTransform):
postgres_operator = "->>"
postgres_nested_operator = "#>>"
output_field = TextField()
def as_mysql(self, compiler, connection):
# The ->> operator is not supported on MariaDB (see MDEV-13594) and
# only supported against columns on MySQL.
if (
connection.mysql_is_mariadb
or getattr(self.lhs.output_field, "model", None) is None
):
sql, params = super().as_mysql(compiler, connection)
return "JSON_UNQUOTE(%s)" % sql, params
else:
lhs, params, key_transforms = self.preprocess_lhs(compiler, connection)
json_path = connection.ops.compile_json_path(key_transforms)
return "(%s ->> %%s)" % lhs, (*params, json_path)
@classmethod
def from_lookup(cls, lookup):
transform, *keys = lookup.split(LOOKUP_SEP)
if not keys:
raise ValueError("Lookup must contain key or index transforms.")
for key in keys:
transform = cls(key, transform)
return transform
KT = KeyTextTransform.from_lookup
class KeyTransformTextLookupMixin:
"""
Mixin for combining with a lookup expecting a text lhs from a JSONField
key lookup. On PostgreSQL, make use of the ->> operator instead of casting
key values to text and performing the lookup on the resulting
representation.
"""
def __init__(self, key_transform, *args, **kwargs):
if not isinstance(key_transform, KeyTransform):
raise TypeError(
"Transform should be an instance of KeyTransform in order to "
"use this lookup."
)
key_text_transform = KeyTextTransform(
key_transform.key_name,
*key_transform.source_expressions,
**key_transform.extra,
)
super().__init__(key_text_transform, *args, **kwargs)
class KeyTransformIsNull(lookups.IsNull):
# key__isnull=False is the same as has_key='key'
def as_oracle(self, compiler, connection):
sql, params = HasKeyOrArrayIndex(
self.lhs.lhs,
self.lhs.key_name,
).as_oracle(compiler, connection)
if not self.rhs:
return sql, params
# Column doesn't have a key or IS NULL.
lhs, lhs_params, _ = self.lhs.preprocess_lhs(compiler, connection)
return "(NOT %s OR %s IS NULL)" % (sql, lhs), tuple(params) + tuple(lhs_params)
def as_sqlite(self, compiler, connection):
template = "JSON_TYPE(%s, %s) IS NULL"
if not self.rhs:
template = "JSON_TYPE(%s, %s) IS NOT NULL"
return HasKeyOrArrayIndex(self.lhs.lhs, self.lhs.key_name).as_sql(
compiler,
connection,
template=template,
)
class KeyTransformIn(JSONIn):
pass
class KeyTransformExact(JSONExact):
# RemovedInDjango70Warning: When deprecation period ends, uncomment the
# flag below.
# can_use_none_as_rhs = True
def process_rhs(self, compiler, connection):
if isinstance(self.rhs, KeyTransform):
return super(lookups.Exact, self).process_rhs(compiler, connection)
rhs, rhs_params = super().process_rhs(compiler, connection)
if connection.vendor == "oracle":
func = []
sql = "%s(JSON_OBJECT('value' VALUE %%s FORMAT JSON), '$.value')"
for value in rhs_params:
value = json.loads(value)
if isinstance(value, (list, dict)):
func.append(sql % "JSON_QUERY")
else:
func.append(sql % "JSON_VALUE")
rhs %= tuple(func)
elif connection.vendor == "sqlite":
func = []
for value in rhs_params:
if value in connection.ops.jsonfield_datatype_values:
func.append("%s")
else:
func.append("JSON_EXTRACT(%s, '$')")
rhs %= tuple(func)
return rhs, rhs_params
def as_oracle(self, compiler, connection):
rhs, rhs_params = super().process_rhs(compiler, connection)
if rhs_params and (*rhs_params,) == ("null",):
# Field has key and it's NULL.
has_key_expr = HasKeyOrArrayIndex(self.lhs.lhs, self.lhs.key_name)
has_key_sql, has_key_params = has_key_expr.as_oracle(compiler, connection)
is_null_expr = self.lhs.get_lookup("isnull")(self.lhs, True)
is_null_sql, is_null_params = is_null_expr.as_sql(compiler, connection)
return (
"%s AND %s" % (has_key_sql, is_null_sql),
tuple(has_key_params) + tuple(is_null_params),
)
return super().as_sql(compiler, connection)
class KeyTransformIExact(
CaseInsensitiveMixin, KeyTransformTextLookupMixin, lookups.IExact
):
can_use_none_as_rhs = True
def as_sql(self, compiler, connection):
if self.rhs is None:
# Interpret __iexact=None on KeyTextTransform as __exact=None on
# KeyTransform.
keytransform = KeyTransform(self.lhs.key_name, self.lhs.lhs)
exact_lookup = keytransform.get_lookup("exact")(keytransform, self.rhs)
# Delegate to the backend vendor method, if it exists.
vendor = connection.vendor
as_vendor = getattr(exact_lookup, f"as_{vendor}", exact_lookup.as_sql)
return as_vendor(compiler, connection)
return super().as_sql(compiler, connection)
class KeyTransformIContains(
CaseInsensitiveMixin, KeyTransformTextLookupMixin, lookups.IContains
):
pass
class KeyTransformStartsWith(KeyTransformTextLookupMixin, lookups.StartsWith):
pass
class KeyTransformIStartsWith(
CaseInsensitiveMixin, KeyTransformTextLookupMixin, lookups.IStartsWith
):
pass
class KeyTransformEndsWith(KeyTransformTextLookupMixin, lookups.EndsWith):
pass
class KeyTransformIEndsWith(
CaseInsensitiveMixin, KeyTransformTextLookupMixin, lookups.IEndsWith
):
pass
class KeyTransformRegex(KeyTransformTextLookupMixin, lookups.Regex):
pass
class KeyTransformIRegex(
CaseInsensitiveMixin, KeyTransformTextLookupMixin, lookups.IRegex
):
pass
class KeyTransformNumericLookupMixin:
def process_rhs(self, compiler, connection):
rhs, rhs_params = super().process_rhs(compiler, connection)
if not connection.features.has_native_json_field:
rhs_params = [json.loads(value) for value in rhs_params]
return rhs, rhs_params
class KeyTransformLt(KeyTransformNumericLookupMixin, lookups.LessThan):
pass
class KeyTransformLte(KeyTransformNumericLookupMixin, lookups.LessThanOrEqual):
pass
class KeyTransformGt(KeyTransformNumericLookupMixin, lookups.GreaterThan):
pass
class KeyTransformGte(KeyTransformNumericLookupMixin, lookups.GreaterThanOrEqual):
pass
KeyTransform.register_lookup(KeyTransformIn)
KeyTransform.register_lookup(KeyTransformExact)
KeyTransform.register_lookup(KeyTransformIExact)
KeyTransform.register_lookup(KeyTransformIsNull)
KeyTransform.register_lookup(KeyTransformIContains)
KeyTransform.register_lookup(KeyTransformStartsWith)
KeyTransform.register_lookup(KeyTransformIStartsWith)
KeyTransform.register_lookup(KeyTransformEndsWith)
KeyTransform.register_lookup(KeyTransformIEndsWith)
KeyTransform.register_lookup(KeyTransformRegex)
KeyTransform.register_lookup(KeyTransformIRegex)
KeyTransform.register_lookup(KeyTransformLt)
KeyTransform.register_lookup(KeyTransformLte)
KeyTransform.register_lookup(KeyTransformGt)
KeyTransform.register_lookup(KeyTransformGte)
class KeyTransformFactory:
def __init__(self, key_name):
self.key_name = key_name
def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
return KeyTransform(self.key_name, *args, **kwargs)
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