Required arguments¶

request

The request object used to generate this response.

template_name

The full name of a template to use or sequence of template names. If a sequence is given, the first template that exists will be used. See the template loading documentation for more information on how templates are found.

Optional arguments¶

context

A dictionary of values to add to the template context. By default, this is an empty dictionary. If a value in the dictionary is callable, the view will call it just before rendering the template.

content_type

The MIME type to use for the resulting document. Defaults to the value of the DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE setting.

status

The status code for the response. Defaults to 200.

using

The NAME of a template engine to use for loading the template.

Example¶

The following example renders the template myapp/index.html with the MIME type application/xhtml+xml:

from django.shortcuts import render

def my_view(request):
    # View code here...
    return render(request, 'myapp/index.html', {
        'foo': 'bar',
    }, content_type='application/xhtml+xml')

This example is equivalent to:

from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.template import loader

def my_view(request):
    # View code here...
    t = loader.get_template('myapp/index.html')
    c = {'foo': 'bar'}
    return HttpResponse(t.render(c, request), content_type='application/xhtml+xml')

Examples¶

You can use the redirect() function in a number of ways.

1. By passing some object; that object’s get_absolute_url() method will be called to figure out the redirect URL:

   from django.shortcuts import redirect
   
   def my_view(request):
       ...
       obj = MyModel.objects.get(...)
       return redirect(obj)
   

2. By passing the name of a view and optionally some positional or keyword arguments; the URL will be reverse resolved using the reverse() method:

   def my_view(request):
       ...
       return redirect('some-view-name', foo='bar')
   

3. By passing a hardcoded URL to redirect to:

   def my_view(request):
       ...
       return redirect('/some/url/')
   

   This also works with full URLs:

   def my_view(request):
       ...
       return redirect('https://example.com/')
   

By default, redirect() returns a temporary redirect. All of the above forms accept a permanent argument; if set to True a permanent redirect will be returned:

def my_view(request):
    ...
    obj = MyModel.objects.get(...)
    return redirect(obj, permanent=True)

Required arguments¶

klass

A Model class, a Manager, or a QuerySet instance from which to get the object.

**kwargs

Lookup parameters, which should be in the format accepted by get() and filter().

Example¶

The following example gets the object with the primary key of 1 from MyModel:

from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404

def my_view(request):
    obj = get_object_or_404(MyModel, pk=1)

This example is equivalent to:

from django.http import Http404

def my_view(request):
    try:
        obj = MyModel.objects.get(pk=1)
    except MyModel.DoesNotExist:
        raise Http404("No MyModel matches the given query.")

The most common use case is to pass a Model, as shown above. However, you can also pass a QuerySet instance:

queryset = Book.objects.filter(title__startswith='M')
get_object_or_404(queryset, pk=1)

The above example is a bit contrived since it’s equivalent to doing:

get_object_or_404(Book, title__startswith='M', pk=1)

but it can be useful if you are passed the queryset variable from somewhere else.

Finally, you can also use a Manager. This is useful for example if you have a custom manager:

get_object_or_404(Book.dahl_objects, title='Matilda')

You can also use related managers:

author = Author.objects.get(name='Roald Dahl')
get_object_or_404(author.book_set, title='Matilda')

Note: As with get(), a MultipleObjectsReturned exception will be raised if more than one object is found.

Required arguments¶

klass

A Model, Manager or QuerySet instance from which to get the list.

**kwargs

Lookup parameters, which should be in the format accepted by get() and filter().

Example¶

The following example gets all published objects from MyModel:

from django.shortcuts import get_list_or_404

def my_view(request):
    my_objects = get_list_or_404(MyModel, published=True)

This example is equivalent to:

from django.http import Http404

def my_view(request):
    my_objects = list(MyModel.objects.filter(published=True))
    if not my_objects:
        raise Http404("No MyModel matches the given query.")